Clínicas do Testemunho na elaboração do traumático: violência de Estado na ditadura civil-militar brasileira / Clínicas del Testimonio en la elaboración de traumatismos: la violencia de Estado en la dictadura cívico-militar brasileña / Testimony Clinic and trauma: State violence in Brazilian civil-military dictatorship

Na ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985) ocorreu uma violação sistemá-tica de Direitos Humanos por parte do Estado, o que impôs à sociedade medo e silenciamento. Pessoas vítimas dessas violências não tiveram espaço social que legitimasse a realidade e o sofrimento de suas vivências. Em 2012, foi lançado o projeto Clínicas do Testemunho, iniciando um trabalho de reparação psíquica dessas vítimas. Estudando as especificidades do trauma de violência de Estado e tortura política e apresentando os conceitos de espaço potencial e de testemunho, o objetivo do artigo é estabelecer um diálogo entre esses conceitos e o trabalho realizado pelas Clínicas do Testemunho, para compreender como esta reparação psíquica pode se dar na prática. Trata-se de um estudo teórico fundamentado na Psicanálise. Conclui-se que o testemunho é uma ferramenta potente para se trabalhar o traumático. Discutir o tema é um posicionamento político, de resgate da história, memória e verdade.

En la dictadura militar brasileña (1964-1985), hubo violación sistemática de los Derechos Humanos por parte del Estado, que impuso miedo y silencio a la sociedad. Las personas víctimas de esta violencia no tenían un espacio social que legitimara la realidad y el sufrimiento de sus experiencias. En 2012, se lanzó el proyecto Clínicas del Testimonio, comenzando un trabajo de repa-ración psíquica de esas víctimas. Al estudiar las especificidades del trauma de la violencia del Estado e de la tortura política, y los conceptos de espacio potencial y testimonio, el objetivo de este artigo es dialogar eses conceptos con el trabajo echo por las Clínicas de Testimonio, para comprender cómo se podría practicar esta reparación psíquica. Es un estudio teórico basado en el Psicoanálisis. Se concluye que el testimonio es una herramienta potente para trabajar el traumático. Discutir el tema es una posición política, rescate de la historia, memoria y verdad.

During the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985), Human Rights were systematically violated by the State, inflicting fear and silence on the country's citizens. Victims of violence did not have a social space that legi-timized the reality and suffering of their experiences. In 2012, the project Clinicas do Testemunho, (Testimony Clinic) was launched, working with the psychological reparation of these victims. Studying the specificities of State violence trauma and political torture, and also the concepts of Potential Space and testimony, this article aims to establish a dialogue between these concepts and the work developed by the Clinicas do Testemunho to understand how this work could take place in practice. This is a theoretical study based on Psychoanalysis that concludes that the testimony of those who witnessed it all is a powerful tool to work with trauma. Discussing the topic is also political, reclaiming history, memory, and truth.

[Argentinian women and the uses of drugs: A sociohistorical analysis of female drug use in Argentina (1860-1930)]. / Mujeres argentinas y usos de drogas: análisis sociohistórico del uso femenino de sustancias psicoactivas en Argentina (1860-1930).

This article describes cases presented by experts from the legislative and medical-legal fields regarding the use of psychoactive substances among Argentinian women from 1878 to 1930. Background information is presented regarding the relationship between women and the use different drugs, medical interventions on the female body where psychoactive substances were used are analyzed, and experts' descriptions of cases of female drug users are detailed. Experts' discourses during this period did not attempt to comprehend the specificities of female consumption, but were rather used to position the issue of drug use as a social problem. This was done using three prototypes: the victim of a sick husband; the prostitute who encourages drug use among the weak in spirit (natural-born criminals); and the virtuous young woman who succumbs to drug addiction in spite of her father's rule. Each figure reinforces the need for state intervention and increased social control.

Este trabajo describe casos expuestos por expertos de los ámbitos legislativo y médico-legal periodístico, en los que se reporta el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de mujeres de Argentina, entre 1878 y 1930. Se presentan antecedentes sobre mujeres y usos de distintos fármacos, se analizan las intervenciones médicas que utilizan sustancias psicoactivas sobre el cuerpo femenino, y se detallan los casos de mujeres consumidoras desde las miradas expertas. En este periodo, los discursos expertos no buscaron comprender la especificidad femenina del consumo, sino promover el tema drogas como un problema. Esto se produce utilizando tres prototipos: la víctima de un marido enfermo, la prostituta que envicia a los débiles de espíritu (criminal nata), y la joven virtuosa que contraviene la ley del padre y sucumbe en la toxicomanía. Cada figura refuerza la necesidad de intervención estatal y control social.

Owning our madness: Contributions of Jamaican psychiatry to decolonizing Global Mental Health.

The contentious debate on evidence-based Global Mental Health care is challenged by the primary mental health program of Jamaica. Political independence in 1962 ushered in the postcolonial Jamaican Government and the deinstitutionalization of the country's only mental hospital along with a plethora of mental health public policy innovations. The training locally of mental health professionals catalyzed institutional change. The mental health challenge for descendants of African people enslaved in Jamaica is to reverse the psychological impact of 500 years of European racism and colonial oppression and create a blueprint for the decolonization of GMH. The core innovations were the gradual downsizing and dismantling of the colonial mental hospital and the establishment of a novel community mental health initiative. The successful management of acute psychosis in open medical wards of general hospitals and a Diversion at the Point of Arrest Programme (DAPA) resulted in the reduction of stigma and the assimilation of mental health care into medicine in Jamaica. Successful decentralization has led to unmasking underlying social psychopathology and the subsequent development of primary prevention therapeutic programs based on psychohistoriographic cultural therapy and the Dream-A-World Cultural Therapy interventions. The Jamaican experience suggests that diversity in GMH must be approached not simply as a demographic fact but with postcolonial strategies that counter the historical legacy of structural violence.

Mujeres argentinas y usos de drogas: análisis sociohistórico del uso femenino de sustancias psicoactivas en Argentina (1860-1930) / Argentinian women and the uses of drugs: A sociohistorical analysis of female drug use in Argentina (1860-1930)

RESUMEN Este trabajo describe casos expuestos por expertos de los ámbitos legislativo y médico-legal periodístico, en los que se reporta el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de mujeres de Argentina, entre 1878 y 1930. Se presentan antecedentes sobre mujeres y usos de distintos fármacos, se analizan las intervenciones médicas que utilizan sustancias psicoactivas sobre el cuerpo femenino, y se detallan los casos de mujeres consumidoras desde las miradas expertas. En este periodo, los discursos expertos no buscaron comprender la especificidad femenina del consumo, sino promover el tema drogas como un problema. Esto se produce utilizando tres prototipos: la víctima de un marido enfermo, la prostituta que envicia a los débiles de espíritu (criminal nata), y la joven virtuosa que contraviene la ley del padre y sucumbe en la toxicomanía. Cada figura refuerza la necesidad de intervención estatal y control social.

ABSTRACT This article describes cases presented by experts from the legislative and medical-legal fields regarding the use of psychoactive substances among Argentinian women from 1878 to 1930. Background information is presented regarding the relationship between women and the use of different drugs, medical interventions on the female body where psychoactive substances were used are analyzed, and experts' descriptions of cases of female drug users are detailed. Experts' discourses during this period did not attempt to comprehend the specificities of female consumption but were rather used to position the issue of drug use as a social problem. This was done using three prototypes: the victim of a sick husband; the prostitute who encourages drug use among the weak in spirit (natural-born criminals); and the virtuous young woman who succumbs to drug addiction in spite of her father's rule. Each figure reinforces the need for state intervention and increased social control.

El binomio miseria-enfermedad: un estudio sociohistórico y legislativo sobre las fiebres tifoideas en España (1886-1930) desde la Historia de la salud / The misery-disease binomial: a socio-historical and legislative study on typhoid fevers in Spain (1886-1930) from de History of health / O binômio miséria-doença: um estudo sócio-histórico e legislativo sobre a febre tifóide na Espanha (1886-1930) da História da saúde

La fiebre tifoidea es una enfermedad que mantiene a lo largo del siglo XX un carácter social, relacionado con las guerras y las desigualdades económicas. Fue objeto de una respuesta legislativa del Estado, que desde finales del siglo XIX hasta 1930, sistematizó la ciencia contra las fiebres tifoideas y su vacunación en forma de grandes campañas cuyo resultado fue la progresiva disminución de incidencia, morbilidad y mortalidad hasta su práctica erradicación. La investigación que nos ocupa se refiere a un estudio sociohistórico y legislativo de la enfermedad hasta finales de los años 20 del siglo XX en España

Typhoid fever is a disease that maintains a social character throughout the 20th century, related to wars and economic inequalities. It was the subject of a legislative response from the State, which from the end of the 19th century until 1930, systematized science against typhoid fevers and their vaccination in the form of large campaigns whose result was the progressive decrease in incidence, morbidity and mortality until its eradication practice. The research that concerns us refers to a socio-historical and legislative study of the disease until the late 20s of the 20th in Spain

A febre tifóide é uma doença que mantém caráter social ao longo do século XX, relacionada a guerras e desigualdades econômicas. Foi objeto de uma resposta legislativa do Estado, que desde o final do século XIX até 1930, sistematizou a ciência contra a febre tifóide e sua vacinação na forma de grandes campanhas cujo resultado foi a diminuição progressiva da incidência, morbidade e mortalidade até sua prática de erradicação. A pesquisa que nos preocupa refere-se a um estudo sócio-histórico e legislativo da doença até o final dos anos 20 do século XX na Espanha

Fútbol, política e historia en Brasil: análisis de un manifiesto de hinchas antifascistas / Football, politics and history in Brazil: analysis of a manifesto signed by anti-fascist football fans

Este artículo aborda las relaciones entre fútbol, política y memoria histórica en Brasil, centrándose en las manifestaciones de colectivos de hinchas contra la celebración de la perpetración del golpe de 1964 que dio lugar a una dictadura civil-militar que se mantuvo hasta 1985. El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender cómo los discursos vehiculados en un manifiesto firmado por diferentes colectivos de hinchas deslegitiman la dictadura, sus agentes y los discursos que los apoyan. Para alcanzar este objetivo, desarrollamos un análisis de discurso de base construccionista, del cual se concluye, entre otras cosas, que el manifiesto busca legitimarse a sí mismo, presentando fuentes consideradas fiables por los autores. También mostramos que se emplea una narrativa melodramática, que caracteriza a los agentes de la dictadura como villanos y a sus pacientes, como víctimas. Además, mostramos que alude a algunos aspectos de las teorías de la manipulación, que sugieren que el deporte sirve como opio del pueblo

This article discusses the relations between football, politics and historical memory in Brazil, focusing on the manifestations of groups of fans against the celebration of the 1964 coup that gave rise to a civil-military dictatorship that lasted until 1985. The goal of the present article is to understand how the discourses conveyed in a manifesto signed by different groups of football fans delegitimize the dictatorship, its agents and the discourses that support them. In order to achieve this objective, we developed a constructivist-based discourse analysis, which concludes, among other things, that the manifesto seeks to legitimize itself, presenting sources considered reliable by the authors. We also show that a melodramatic narrative is used, which characterizes the agents of the dictatorship as villains and their patients, as vic-tims. In addition, we show that it alludes to some aspects of manipulation theories, which suggest that sport serves as an opium for the people

Supple bodies, healthy minds: yoga, psychedelics and American mental health.

Much discussion about mental health has revolved around treatment models. As interdisciplinary scholarship has shown, mental health knowledge, far from being a neutral product detached from the society that generated it, was shaped by politics, economics and culture. By drawing on case studies of yoga, religion and fitness, this article will examine the ways in which mental health practices-sometimes scientific, sometimes spiritual-have been conceived, debated and applied by researchers and the public. More specifically, it will interrogate the relationship between yoga, psychedelics, South Asian and Eastern religion (as understood and practiced in the USA) and mental health.

Morton Deutsch (1920-2017).

Presents an obituary for Morton Deutsch, who died March 13, 2017, at 97 years old. Deutsch believed in the power of ideas to rectify serious social problems, and in the role of science to refine our understanding of those ideas. Ranked among the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, he was a distinguished theorist and pioneer in the study of cooperation, conflict resolution and social justice, as well as a remarkably warm, wise and respectful mentor. Deutsch held numerous leadership positions, including faculty positions at Teachers College, Columbia University and New York University and various presidencies, and accumulated dozens of awards, including eight lifetime achievement awards and the creation of four awards in his name. He also trained as a psychoanalyst and had a private practice for many years. In 1986, he founded the International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution at Columbia, where he continued to work and welcome students well into his 90s. (PsycINFO Database Record

De la casa de Orates al Open Door: el paisaje en el proyecto Asilar Chileno, 1852-1928 / From the Madhouse to the open door: the landscape in the Chilean Asylum Project, 1852-1928

En un contexto de desarrollo de la anatomía patológica y de la irrupción de la mirada científica sobre el cuerpo de los enfermos mentales, los asilos de locos subrayaron la importancia del espacio, real o simulado, como recurso curativo. Las Casas de Orates se armaron a partir de una propuesta que en su diseño, emplazamiento y realización representó los principios del alienismo, ajustados a la realidad chilena. Este proceso impulsó un escenario asilar específico, con paisajes interiores y exteriores, que caracterizaron al alienismo local y a su promesa de tratar la locura. Este artículo estudia los asilos proyectados o levantados en Chile desde la Casa de Locos (1852) hasta el Open Door Nacional (1928), dando cuenta de los procesos de apropiación de un modelo internacional desde las particularidades del paisaje local asilar (AU)

In a period shaped by the development of anatomical pathology and by the entrance of the scientific gaze over the body of the insane, the mental asylum underscored the key importance of the space, real or simulate, as a therapeutic tool. Madhouses were influenced by a proposal that followed in terms of design, location and implementation, the principles of alienism, adjusted to the Chilean setting. This process contributed to develop a specific asylum space, with internal and external landscapes, which characterized local alienism and its promise to treat madness. This article studies the Chilean asylums -planned or built- from the Madhouse (1852) to the National Open Door (1928), in order to show the process of appropriation of an international therapeutic model from the peculiarities of the institutional landscape (AU)

"Honey, Milk and Bile": a social history of Hillbrow, 1894-2016.

This commentary constructs a social history of Hillbrow, an inner-city suburb in Johannesburg, South Africa, based on a review of relevant published historical, anthropological and sociological texts. We highlight the significant continuities in the social structure of the suburb, despite the radical transformations that have occurred over the last 120 years.Originally envisaged as a healthy residential area, distinct from the industrial activity of early Johannesburg, Hillbrow was a prime location for health infrastructure to serve the city. By the late 1960s, the suburb had been transformed by the rapid construction of high rise office and apartment buildings, providing temporary low cost accommodation for young people, migrants and immigrants. In the 1980s, Hillbrow defied the apartheid state policy of racial separation of residential areas, and earned the reputation of a liberated zone of tolerance and inclusion. By the 1990s, affected by inner-city decay and the collapse of services for many apartment buildings, the suburb became associated with crime, sex work, and ungovernability. More recently, the revitalisation of the Hillbrow Health Precinct has created a more optimistic narrative of the suburb as a site for research and interventions that has the potential to have a positive impact on the health of its residents.The concentration of innovative public health interventions in Hillbrow today, particularly in the high quality health services and multidisciplinary research of the Hillbrow Health Precinct, creates the possibility for renewal of this troubled inner-city suburb.

Territorio y saber en disputa. La controversia limítrofe Chileno-Argentina sobre los Andes / Territory and knowledge in conflict. The border dispute of Chile and Argentina in the Andes

Utilizando las alternativas de la disputa fronteriza entre Argentina y Chile en la Patagonia, se ofrece una reflexión y ejemplo del uso del saber geográfico para la reivindicación de soberanías territoriales. Con los presupuestos de la historia social de la ciencia y de la historia cultural, se muestran los condicionamientos que influyeron en los argumentos de las partes, como en la resolución política de una querella territorial que hace más de cien años, como en la actualidad, obligó a Chile a recurrir a instancias internacionales para determinar sus límites y asegurar derechos. Una situación que primero implicó resolver sobre el conocimiento geográfico de la naturaleza disputada, tarea que sin embargo no garantizó asegurar la pretensión nacional pues, en definitiva, el árbitro llamado a decidir no falló basándose solo en el conocimiento adquirido (AU)

Through the study of the border dispute between Argentina and Chile in Patagonia, the article offers a reflection and an example of the use of geographical knowledge in claiming territorial sovereignty. Based on the social history of science and cultural history, it presents the conditionings that influenced the arguments of both countries, and the political resolution of a territorial quarrel that over a hundred years ago, and also nowadays, forced Chile to resort to international bodies to determine its limits and ensure its rights. This situation implied a decision on the geographical knowledge of the disputed nature. This argument, however, did not bolster the Chilean position, since the referee called upon to decide the dispute, after revised several sources and not only the geographical knowledge claimed by Chile (AU)

The Longue Durée of Black Lives Matter.

Black Lives Matter was first articulated just a few years ago, but it has been the leitmotif of antiracist struggles for generations. The Movement for Black Lives extends the work of previous movements that challenged forms of oppression that act on Black bodies with impunity. It should be understood in the context of Ida B. Wells' anti-lynching campaign, Fannie Lou Hamer's reproductive justice demands, and the Black Panther Party's health activism. The 50th anniversary of the Black Panther Party is an occasion to recall that its work confronted the callous neglect and the corporeal surveillance and abuse of poor Black communities. Similar demands have been the centrifugal force of social movements that for centuries have refused to have Black lives cast beyond the human boundary.

De la prostitución a El Dorado: El hospital general de la resurrección de Valladolid / No disponible

No disponible

[Witch hunt and hypotheses loss]. / Von Hexenverfolgung und Hypothesenverlust.

At this time randomized controlled studies (RCT) in clinical trials usually have high quality. But this quality is only true for the included patients (intrinsic validity). It is common to generalize the results to more or less similar patients. This inductive method is prohibited in epistemology what is known for 250 years (D Hume, K R Popper). Therefore the external validity for the data of RCT is low. To solve this problem additional clinical and pathophysiological based data are necessary to generalize the results. Unfortunately RCT show less quality in their premises. This is partly due to the influence of the pharmaceutical industry. A loss of universality of the hypothesis for RCT decreases basically the extrinsic validity. The articles describe this problem with examples.

La maquinaria social y las ciencias humanas. Pensionados de la junta para la ampliación de estudios en la europa de la razón tecnocrática / Social machinery and the human sciences. The junta para la ampliación de studios scholarships in the technocratic europe

La creación de la JAE y su política de pensiones promovió no solo los elementos integrantes del discurso oficial, sino otros intereses ligados a los enfoques tecnocráticos de los problemas sociales difundidos en la Europa de la modernidad. En este estudio exploramos este segundo efecto, no reconocido suficientemente, mediante el examen de la trayectoria y propuestas de diversos pensionados que viajaron entre 1909 y 1932 a Alemania, Inglaterra, Bélgica, Suiza y Francia (AU)

The establishment of the JAE and the scholarship policy supported by this institution promoted not only the well-known scientific renovation, but other values related in this case to the technocratic views of social problems. The present study is aimed at exploring this second effect, a relatively unattended topic, by the examination of the concerns and purposes of various scholarship holders who traveled between 1909 and 1932 to Germany, England, Belgium, Switzerland, and France (AU)